List of programming languages
A Set is a collection of unique values. Unlike arrays, it never allows duplicates and provides fast lookup with .has(). A WeakSet is a special variant that only holds objects and lets them be garbage-collected when no other references remain. Key point: Use Set when you need uniqueness or fast membership checks on primitives. Use…
48. transform rotateX, rotateY, and rotateZ These three functions are the individual axis rotations in CSS 3D transforms. Each one rotates an element around a specific axis: X (horizontal), Y (vertical), or Z (depth). Overview of Functions Function Axis Equivalent Visual Effect rotateX() Horizontal rotate3d(1, 0, 0, angle) Tilts forward/backward rotateY() Vertical rotate3d(0, 1, 0,…
The Date object represents a single moment in time. It’s been in JavaScript since the beginning, and it carries some quirks — zero-indexed months, mutable objects, inconsistent parsing. But it’s also unavoidable, because every application eventually needs to show, compare, or manipulate dates. Key point: A Date is stored as milliseconds since the Unix epoch…
The scale() and scale3d() functions let you resize elements — making them larger or smaller — without affecting the layout of surrounding elements. Overview of Functions Function Dimensions Values Description scale() 2D s or s1, s2 Uniform or separate X/Y scaling scale3d() 3D s1, s2, s3 X, Y, and Z scaling 1. scale() — 2D…
Regular expressions (regex) are patterns for matching text. They look cryptic at first — /^\d{3}-\d{4}$/ — but they’re the most powerful way to search, validate, and transform strings. Every language has them, and JavaScript’s are among the most capable. Key point: A regular expression is an object that describes a pattern. You can create one…
These three functions are the individual axis scaling functions in CSS transforms. Each one scales an element along a specific axis: X (horizontal), Y (vertical), or Z (depth). Overview of Functions Function Axis Equivalent Effect scaleX() Horizontal scale3d(s, 1, 1) Stretches width scaleY() Vertical scale3d(1, s, 1) Stretches height scaleZ() Depth scale3d(1, 1, s) Stretches…
JavaScript has one number type — a 64-bit floating-point value. There’s no separate integer type (except BigInt). Understanding how it behaves — including its limits and quirks — is essential for writing correct numeric code. Key point: All JavaScript numbers are IEEE 754 double-precision floating-point. This means integers up to 2^53 are exact, but floating-point…
These transform functions slant or distort elements along the X or Y axis, creating a parallelogram effect. They’re useful for dynamic banners, stylized cards, and geometric layouts. Overview of Functions Function Axis Effect Equivalent skew() X and/or Y Slants both axes skewX() + skewY() skewX() Horizontal Slants left/right skew(angle, 0) skewY() Vertical Slants up/down skew(0,…
BigInt is a numeric type for arbitrary-precision integers. Where regular JavaScript numbers lose precision past 2^53 – 1, BigInt keeps exact values no matter how large. It’s the tool for cryptography, large IDs, precise timestamps in nanoseconds, and anywhere exact integer math matters. Key point: BigInt and Number are different types. You can’t mix them…
The translate() and translate3d() functions move elements from their original position — horizontally, vertically, or in 3D space. Unlike position or margin, translation doesn’t affect the layout of other elements. Overview of Functions Function Dimensions Values Description translate() 2D x or x, y Moves along X and Y translate3d() 3D x, y, z Moves along…
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