Javascript 19 🧬 pure functions

a - what is a pure function
a pure function is a function that adheres to two primary principles:
1. Determinism → Given the same input, a pure function will always produce the same output. 
2. No Side Effects → A pure function does not modify any external state or variables.
Characteristics of Pure Functions:
1. Immutability →  They do not change the input data. Instead, they work on a copy or produce new data.
2. Predictability → Since they have no side effects, their behavior is entirely predictable based solely on their inputs.
3. Testability → Because pure functions are independent of external state and always return the same result for given inputs, they are easier to test.
 
b - pure function example and benefits
Example 1 → simple mathematical operation
Example 2 → transforms an array without modifying the original
Example 3 → generates a new object without modifying the input
Example 4 → filters an array
Benefits of Using Pure Functions:
 1. Predictability → Easier to reason about and understand because they always produce the same output for given inputs.
2. Testability → Can be tested independently without setting up complex environments or mocking dependencies.
3. Concurrency → Safe to use in concurrent contexts since they don't depend on external state.
4. Reusability → Since they are self-contained, pure functions can be easily reused across different parts of an application.

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