Git 7 🧩 Git Cheatsheet

7. Git Cheatsheet

a. Part 1: Basic & Everyday Commands

Command	Description
git init	Initializes a new local Git repository.
git clone [url]	Creates a local copy of a remote repository.
git status	Shows the status of changes as untracked, modified, or staged.
git add .	Stages all changes in the current directory for the next commit.
git add [file]	Stages a specific file for the next commit.
git commit -m "[message]"	Records staged changes to the repository with a descriptive message.
git push	Pushes committed changes to a remote repository.
git pull	Fetches and merges changes from the remote repository.

b. Part 2: Branching & Merging

Command	Description
git branch	Lists all local branches.
git branch [name]	Creates a new branch.
git checkout [name]	Switches to a different branch.
git checkout -b [name]	Creates and switches to a new branch.
git merge [branch]	Merges the specified branch’s history into the current branch.
git branch -d [name]	Deletes a local branch.
git fetch	Downloads objects and refs from another repository. It does not merge changes, leaving them for you to inspect.
git rebase [target]	Reapplies commits from the current branch on top of another branch, creating a cleaner, linear history.

c. Part 3: Undoing & Rewriting History

Command	Description
git reset [file]	Unstages a file without changing its content.
git reset --hard	Discards all changes in the working directory and staging area, and moves HEAD to the specified commit. Caution: This is destructive.
git checkout -- [file]	Discards changes in a working directory. Caution: This is destructive.
git revert [commit]	Creates a new commit that undoes the changes from a previous commit. This is a safer way to “undo” a commit as it doesn’t rewrite history.
git commit --amend	Amends the last commit, useful for adding forgotten files or correcting the commit message.
git rebase -i [commit]	Opens an interactive rebase editor, allowing you to squash, reorder, or drop commits. Caution: Do not use this on public branches.

d. Part 4: Remote Repositories & Collaboration

Command	Description
git remote -v	Lists the remote repositories you are connected to.
git remote add [name] [url]	Adds a new remote repository.
git remote rm [name]	Removes a remote repository.
git fetch [remote]	Fetches all branches from the remote repository.
git pull --rebase	Pulls changes from the remote and rebases them on top of your local commits, creating a cleaner history.

e. Part 5: Tagging & Inspection

Command	Description
git log	Shows the commit history.
git log --oneline	Shows a condensed, one-line view of the commit history.
git show [commit]	Shows the changes for a specific commit.
git diff	Shows changes in the working directory that are not yet staged.
git diff --staged	Shows changes in the staging area that are not yet committed.
git tag [name]	Creates a lightweight tag at the current commit.
git tag -a [name] -m "[message]"	Creates an annotated tag with a message.

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