Linux CLI 22 🐧 background/foreground processes and system reboot/shutdown

You can control whether a background runs in the background or in the foreground
& symbol at the end of the command starts the command in the background
example 1 → it lists the files and displays job id [1] and the PID of the background task
example 2 → set the command to the background without showing the file
nohup  → stands for no hang up, lets the command run after you close the terminal
example 1 → runs the ls command and prevents it from being terminated 
example 2 → displays the commands that have been save to nohup.out
nohup bash -c 'cmd1 && cmd2'  → redirects the output to nohup.out from multiple commands
use cat nohup.out to see the result of the execution

jobs  → lists all jobs with their numbers.
it helps identify which job you need to bring to foreground
-s  → shows only stopped jobs, -r  → show only running jobs, p → shows only the PID
fg  → brings the previous background process to the foreground
fg  %JN → brings a specific background process to the foreground
some distros do not need the %
example 1 → kills the job with the current number

sudo shutdown -h now → Immediately shut down the system after confirmation
sudo shutdown -h +n → Shut down the system in n minutes
sudo shutdown -h 0  → Shut down the system immediately
sudo reboot →  Immediately reboot the system after confirmation
sudo reboot -t n → Reboot the system in n minutes
sudo reboot 0  → Reboot the system immediately
sudo poweroff  → Immediately power off the system after confirmation

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